Vitamin D is a basic mediator of host defenses by regulating genes associated with innate and adaptive immunity. This study highlighted a correlation between the levels of vitamin D in COVID-19 patients and the severity of the disease.
It detected a trend towards an increased proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) and an associated increase in severity from moderate to severe infection and even fatal.
The number of patients with vitamin D deficiency was greater in the group that died (76%) in comparison with the moderate (59%) and severe (64%) groups.
source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-99952-z
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